EIGHT CONNECTED SYSTEMS
Follow the component.
Each system has a different job—and a different set of public companies behind it. Start with the hardware, then inspect the evidence.
Motors & actuators
Turn electrical energy into precise motion. Torque density, heat management, and control determine how much a humanoid can lift and how naturally it moves.
43 companiesJoints & gears
Reducers trade motor speed for torque. Precision gearing lets elbows, knees, and hips hold position smoothly under a load.
19 companiesCameras & vision
Cameras and depth sensors turn the world into usable data. Vision systems estimate distance, recognize objects, and help a robot navigate safely.
17 companiesAI & compute
Onboard processors combine perception, planning, and control. Simulation and robotics software help teach a physical machine new tasks.
21 companiesBattery & power
Cells store energy while management chips monitor temperature, balance charge, and protect the pack. Weight and runtime are closely connected.
12 companiesSensors & feedback
Force, torque, position, and inertial sensors tell a robot where it is and how hard it is pushing. Feedback enables balance and safe contact.
19 companiesLinks & bearings
Rigid links carry loads between joints. Bearings, guides, and ball screws support motion while limiting friction, play, and mechanical weight.
11 companiesHands & grippers
Small motors, transmissions, and touch feedback let hands grasp delicate objects. Packaging many controlled movements into a small space is the challenge.
17 companiesCompanies can participate in more than one sector. Sector counts overlap; the full universe contains 100 distinct listings.