| How we know | What it shows | What it does not establish |
|---|---|---|
| Disclosed | The company’s own filing, release, product page or investor record describes a quantum-computing role, such as ULVAC’s release on the University of Osaka refrigerator | Customers it does not name, or quantum revenue it does not report |
| Partner-disclosed | A named partner or customer’s document names the company, such as IBM Quantum’s decoder paper naming an AMD FPGA | Scale beyond that document’s system or program |
| Positioning | A product marketed for quantum computing with no named customer, such as AmpliTech’s cryogenic amplifiers | That working quantum computers use the part |
| Teardown-verified | An independent teardown or inspection names the part in a system it opened | Volumes, pricing, exclusivity or future sourcing |
| Analyst-attributed | A named analyst’s inference about a role | Anything on its own; it cannot set an evidence level |
| Reported, unconfirmed | Press citing unnamed sources, or paywalled research seen only in summaries | Anything; it never sets an evidence level or a part link |
Start with four roles
Quantum computing involves makers that build complete machines, platform companies that others build on, component suppliers and upstream enablers. IonQ, Rigetti, D-Wave, Quantinuum, IQM, Infleqtion, Pasqal and Xanadu are pure-play makers; IBM, Alphabet, Amazon, Microsoft and Fujitsu develop quantum hardware inside larger groups; NVIDIA and HPE supply GPU and supercomputing platforms; ULVAC, Huber+Suhner and Keysight make components; and Linde’s helium, Soitec’s wafers and Oxford Instruments’ tools are upstream inputs.
stock3d labels each connection by specificity: Quantum-computing evidence, Lab & test products, Adjacent technology and Upstream enabler. For a maker, Quantum-computing evidence means its own quantum computers or processors, not a supplier role. Each listing also shows how the evidence is known, as in the table above. The labels describe specificity, not investment quality.
Check revenue against losses
Pure plays report small revenue against large losses. Quantinuum had $30.9 million of 2025 revenue and a $192.6 million net loss; Rigetti reported $5.1 million of Q2 2026 revenue with a $52.6 million GAAP net loss; D-Wave had $3.1 million of Q2 2026 revenue; and Horizon Quantum reported no revenue in the first half of 2026. IonQ is larger, with $80.1 million of Q2 2026 revenue, but that mixes quantum computers with networking, sensing, security and satellite businesses.
Large platforms do not report quantum revenue; IBM gives cumulative figures instead, more than $1.1 billion of client contracts since 2017. For suppliers, quantum work is usually a niche inside a larger segment: Huber+Suhner reports it within an Industry segment of CHF 325.2 million, Amphenol’s XMA had about $15 million of annual sales when bought, and FormFactor’s record $785.0 million of 2025 revenue came mostly from probe cards.
Reference: Quantinuum: IPO prospectus (Form 424B4, June 2026).
Separate results from roadmaps and programs
Many headline numbers are targets. IBM plans Starling, with 200 logical qubits, for 2029; Quantinuum expects Sol in 2027 and targets Apollo for 2029; D-Wave’s 100,000-qubit annealer is a 2031 goal; and NTT and OptQC aim at a million-qubit-class optical machine by fiscal 2030. Interlune’s helium-3 deliveries to Bluefors start in 2028 at the earliest. Treat each as a plan until a company reports delivery.
Government programs are evidence of a different kind. DARPA’s Quantum Benchmarking Initiative lists IBM, IonQ, Quantinuum and Xanadu in Stage B and places Microsoft and PsiQuantum in the final phase of its US2QC program. In September 2026 the US Department of Commerce finalized CHIPS awards to Rigetti ($100 million) and D-Wave (up to $100 million), each with a minority government equity stake, to GlobalFoundries ($375 million over five years, beside a separate equity investment of about 1%) and to IBM’s Anderon ($1 billion). Awards fund research milestones; they are not sales.
Reference: DARPA: Quantum Benchmarking Initiative Stage B selection.
Map parents, subsidiaries and private companies
Ownership links run through the sector. Honeywell holds 48% of Quantinuum; IonQ owns SkyWater, the foundry that makes D-Wave’s wafers; D-Wave owns Quantum Circuits; IBM owns Anderon and agreed in July 2026 to acquire HRL Laboratories; Amphenol owns XMA and Narda-MITEQ; Hirose owns SER; ULVAC Cryogenics is a 50:50 joint venture of ULVAC and Atlas Copco’s Edwards; and the private Busch Group controls Pfeiffer Vacuum. Oxford Instruments sold its dilution-refrigerator business to privately held Quantum Design in January 2026.
Many key suppliers are private, among them Bluefors, Maybell, Quantum Machines, Qblox, Zurich Instruments (part of Rohde & Schwarz), Low Noise Factory, Delft Circuits and QuantWare, and so are makers such as PsiQuantum and QuEra. An investor is not a stand-in: Intel backs QuantWare, Alphabet counts QuEra as a portfolio company and STMicroelectronics co-led Quobly’s funding round, and stock3d never lists one company for another’s business.
Reference: Honeywell: Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026.
Identify the listed line you would own
Check the issuer, exchange and ticker together. Several makers listed in 2026: Infleqtion on the NYSE in February, Horizon Quantum on Nasdaq and Xanadu on Nasdaq and the TSX in March, Quantinuum on Nasdaq in June, IQM in Helsinki with Nasdaq ADSs in July, and Pasqal on Nasdaq in August. D-Wave moved from the NYSE to Nasdaq in July 2026, and SEEQC has filed for an IPO that had not priced by September 28, 2026.
Many suppliers’ home listings are outside the US: ULVAC, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, JAE and Anritsu in Tokyo, Huber+Suhner and VAT in Zurich, Air Liquide and Soitec in Paris, and QuantumCTek on Shanghai’s STAR Market. Names can mislead: Tektronix now belongs to Ralliant (RAL), not Fortive, and Laird’s Eccosorb absorbers moved to Qnity (Q) in DuPont’s spin-off. stock3d treats a US line as verified only when it appears in Nasdaq’s symbol directories or as an active depositary receipt in Citi’s directory.
Reference: IQM: business combination completed, ADSs on Nasdaq (July 1, 2026).
Use the model as a research starting point
Choose a sector, inspect how its parts work, and open a company’s evidence record. Compare the product role, the evidence basis, the business mix and the caveat, and follow the source before moving into deeper financial research on Yahoo Finance or Fynca.
The quantum computer is an interactive 3D model of an illustrative superconducting-qubit composite, not a bill of materials, and its company links are curated, not exhaustive. Two illustrated parts, the magnetic shielding and the cryogenic isolators, have no verified listed supplier. Those gaps stay visible; adding loosely related names would not make a connection more accurate.